These images were obtained on 13 and 17 February 2004 below Kentucky
Lake Dam, Kentucky.
To see larger images, click on the thumbnail photos.
Images A through L have been cropped and sharpened, with images F and
G also being brightened slightly due to under exposure as the result of
heavily overcast skies at the time of shooting. Images P through
U have been cropped only with no sharpening. All images are otherwise
un-edited, and I feel portray the bird very accurately. Images A-L
were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 995 attached to a Kowa TSN-824 scope, and
images P-U are stills lifted from video obtained with a Sony DCR TRV-330
camcorder.
Below are a few thoughts regarding the bird and its depiction in the
images, and all comments regarding plumage features refer to first year
birds in juvenal plumage.
A
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B
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Images A and B depict each side of the bird as it rests on the
water. These show that it is relatively symmetrical in plumage with
neither side being noticeably different than the other. It also shows
that the attitude of the bird, posture and the way it holds its feathers,
can affect the appearance and apparent structure. The bird looks
larger-billed and flatter-headed in image B to me.
C
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Image C portrays the bird standing. It appears chunky and
very short-legged which I feel are strong features for glaucoides.
The bird is long-winged, with the tip of P-7 falling roughly even with
the tail tip. In this image, the dark center of P-10 is covered by
the pale tip of P-9.
D
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E
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Images D and E show how pale and uniformly colored the bird appears
dorsally, and how extensive the pale edges of the primaries are.
F
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G
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Images F and G show the bird from a nice angle, and Image G is
a close-up cropped from F. It shows plumage detail including
wear to the scapulars and retrices which would be expected at this time
of year. There is a relatively solid area of pigment in the center of one
of the tertials, and the pigment in the retrices appears to be relatively
solid and generally lacking internal mottling in the distal area visible.
I think the solid area in the center of the tertial and the relatively
solid color of the tail dorsally may be due to thayeri influence.
I believe many Kumlien’s Gulls in juvenal plumage show tail bands to some
degree, but generally appearing more mottled and less solid. The
remainder of the plumage looks good to me for kumlieni. I believe
the extent of pale edging to the primaries is too extensive for thayeri
given the condition of plumage, and that wear alone can’t account for the
overall lack of pigment in areas where it should be shown by thayeri when
still showing nice internal markings to the plumage. Feather areas which
lack pigment tend to wear more quickly than darker feathers, and the pale
edges to the primaries may have been more extensive earlier in the season.
They appear to be at least as extensive in the images obtained by Brainard
Palmer-Ball on 25 January when the bird’s plumage was somewhat less worn.
I’ve seen a few photos of worn birds that were presumably Thayer’s, and
that were almost a totally washed-out white, but the extent of wear was
extreme in those birds.
H
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Image H shows the ventral surface and somewhat richer coloration compared
to the upperparts. I believe the underparts of both thayeri and glaucoides
are generally richer and darker than the upperparts in first year birds,
and should remain so later in the season due to less bleaching than
in the exposed upperparts. The white-winged look to the underside
of the primaries is evident.
I
|
J
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Images I and J show close-ups of the plumage, including the upper surface
of the tail from different angles.
K
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Image K shows the bird’s left side from the front. A small area
of richer coloration is visible just under the chin and along the front
of the neck. I think this may be due to being somewhat protected
from bleaching, and is a clue to what the overall look of the bird was
earlier in the season. A diffuse but somewhat solid area of pigment
is visible in the center of a tertial, and the visible tail feather shows
some barring.
L
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Image L shows the underside of the tail including coverts.
Images M-O are stills lifted from video obtained through my scope as
the bird bathed. They show both surfaces of the tail which appear
relatively solidly colored with some barring. Some of the barring
can be attributed to the coverts showing through.
Images P-U are stills lifted from video depicting the bird in flight
from various angles. I believe the bird looks very good for glaucoides
in flight, particularly the overall uniform coloration. I think the
amount of pigment in the primaries and secondaries is very much within
the range of kumlieni. The tail band shows a little differently here,
appearing more solid toward the center and more diffuse distally and basally.
I believe the broad but relatively pointed wings look very good for glaucoides.
I initially felt that the bird was a Kumlien’s Iceland Gull, but after
consideration, hesitantly backed up a step thinking the bird may be an
intergrade. The features that I considered here are the relatively
diffuse but solid areas of pigment in the center of some tertials, and
the relatively solid tail band. These features may be within
the accepted range of variation for kumlieni, and the bird may well be
a “good” Kumlien’s Iceland Gull. I personally can’t rule out thayeri
influence due to lack of experience with variability in kumlieni.
I don’t believe the bird is a Thayer’s though, that is unless they’re all
Thayer’s, and represent clinal variation within a single species. |